IndicatorROURomaniaEurope & Central Asia
Governance
Civil liberties index (V-Dem)0-1Our World in Data0.88rank #34Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Control of Corruption0-100 percentileWorld Bank (WGI)48rank #88Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Deliberative democracy index (V-Dem)0-1Our World in Data0.29rank #86Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Egalitarian democracy index (V-Dem)0-1Our World in Data0.42rank #63Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Freedom of expression index (V-Dem)0-1Our World in Data0.78rank #58Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Government Effectiveness0-100 percentileWorld Bank (WGI)59.9rank #73Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Human rights index (V-Dem)0-1Our World in Data0.88rank #34Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Military spending% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)2.3%rank #45Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Participatory democracy index (V-Dem)0-1Our World in Data0.42rank #54Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Political Stability & Absence of Violence0-100 percentileWorld Bank (WGI)69.2rank #97Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Regulatory Quality0-100 percentileWorld Bank (WGI)60.1rank #72Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Rule of Law0-100 percentileWorld Bank (WGI)63.5rank #80Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Rule of law index (V-Dem)0-1Our World in Data0.69rank #62Data 2025 · Status unspecified
V-Dem electoral democracy0-1Our World in Data0.61rank #58Data 2025 · Status unspecified
V-Dem liberal democracy0-1Our World in Data0.46rank #64Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Voice & Accountability0-100 percentileWorld Bank (WGI)65.8rank #71Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Women in parliament% seatsWorld Bank (WDI)22.4%rank #102Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Women's political empowerment index (V-Dem)0-1Our World in Data0.87rank #33Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Economy
Agricultural employment% employmentWorld Bank (WDI)10.9%rank #104Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Agriculture value added% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)3%rank #110Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Annual working hours per workerhoursOur World in Data1,825.9rank #81Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Capital stock per worker2017 US$ per workerPenn World Table196,131.7rank #69Data 2019 · Status unspecified
Current account balance% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)-7.9%rank #115Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Employment-to-population ratio%ILOSTAT48.1%rank #149Data 2026 · Status unspecified
FDI net inflows% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)2.2%rank #89Data 2025 · Status unspecified
GDPcurrent US$World Bank (WDI)428.68Brank #37Data 2025 · Status unspecified
GDP growth%World Bank (WDI)0.68%rank #164Data 2025 · Status unspecified
GDP per capita (nominal)current US$World Bank (WDI)22,538rank #53Data 2025 · Status unspecified
GDP per capita, PPP2021 intl $World Bank (WDI)40,846rank #47Data 2025 · Status unspecified
GNI per capita (PPP)2021 intl $UNDP (HDRO)39,374.3rank #45Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Government expenditure% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)37.3%rank #23Data 2022 · Status unspecified
Gross capital formation% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)25.9%rank #40Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Gross savings% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)18%rank #71Data 2025 · Status unspecified
High-technology exports% manuf. exportsWorld Bank (WDI)13.4%rank #46Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Human capital indexindexPenn World Table3.3rank #35Data 2019 · Status unspecified
Industry value added% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)25.3%rank #70Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Inflation%World Bank (WDI)7.2%rank #141Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Labour force participation rate%ILOSTAT51.2%rank #155Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Personal remittances received% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)2.5%rank #58Data 2025 · Status unspecified
R&D expenditure% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)0.52%rank #51Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Researchers in R&Dper millionWorld Bank (WDI)1,082.1rank #48Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Tax revenue% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)16.2%rank #56Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Total factor productivity (current PPPs, USA=1)index (USA=1)Penn World Table0.8rank #34Data 2019 · Status unspecified
Trade openness% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)76.2%rank #75Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Unemployment% labor forceWorld Bank (WDI)6%rank #111Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Unemployment rate (ILO modelled)%ILOSTAT6.1%rank #110Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Vulnerable employment% employmentWorld Bank (WDI)13%rank #51Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Youth unemployment% ages 15-24World Bank (WDI)24.5%rank #150Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Youth unemployment rate (ILO modelled)% ages 15-24ILOSTAT24.2%rank #150Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Trade
Exports of goods & services% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)35.5%rank #71Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Imports of goods & services% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)40.7%rank #71Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Merchandise exportscurrent US$World Bank (WDI)109.13Brank #39Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Merchandise importscurrent US$World Bank (WDI)146.04Brank #34Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Health
Basic drinking water access% popWorld Bank (WDI)100%rank #3Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Basic sanitation access% popWorld Bank (WDI)90.5%rank #95Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Child mortalityper 100Our World in Data0.73rank #34Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Daily caloric supply per capitakcalOur World in Data3,648.9rank #14Data 2023 · Status unspecified
DTP3 immunization coverage%UNICEF79%rank #21Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Health spending% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)5.7%rank #111Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Infant mortalityper 1k birthsWorld Bank (WDI)6rank #30Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Life expectancyyearsWorld Bank (WDI)76.5rank #94Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Maternal mortalityper 100kWorld Bank (WDI)12rank #12Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Measles immunization% childrenWorld Bank (WDI)78%rank #22Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Measles (MCV1) immunization coverage%UNICEF78%rank #22Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Overweight prevalence (under 5)%UNICEF8.3%rank #14Data 2002 · Status unspecified
Physiciansper 1kWorld Bank (WDI)3.6rank #32Data 2022 · Status unspecified
PM2.5 air pollution exposureug/m3World Bank (WDI)16rank #92Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Road traffic deathsper 100kWorld Bank (WDI)10.3rank #43Data 2019 · Status unspecified
Smoking prevalence% adultsWorld Bank (WDI)29.7%rank #110Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Stunting prevalence (under 5)%UNICEF12.8%rank #8Data 2002 · Status unspecified
Suicide mortality rateper 100kWorld Bank (WDI)9.6rank #122Data 2021 · Status unspecified
Tuberculosis incidenceper 100kWorld Bank (WDI)60rank #79Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Under-5 mortality rateper 1k birthsUNICEF7.3rank #56Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Undernourishment% popWorld Bank (WDI)2.5%rank #1Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Wasting prevalence (under 5)%UNICEF3.5%rank #11Data 2002 · Status unspecified
Education
Adult literacy%World Bank (WDI)99.2%rank #6Data 2021 · Status unspecified
Education spending% GDPWorld Bank (WDI)3.3%rank #111Data 2022 · Status unspecified
Expected years of schoolingyearsUNDP (HDRO)14.1rank #85Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Mean years of schoolingyearsUNDP (HDRO)11.6rank #54Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Primary completion rate% relevant ageWorld Bank (WDI)81%rank #111Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Primary enrollment% grossWorld Bank (WDI)84.9%rank #152Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Secondary enrollment% grossWorld Bank (WDI)81.6%rank #109Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Tertiary enrollment% grossWorld Bank (WDI)55.2%rank #60Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Demography
Crude birth rateper 1,000World Bank (WDI)7.5rank #183Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Fertility ratebirths/womanWorld Bank (WDI)1.4rank #168Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Median age of populationyearsUN WPP42.6rank #28Data 2023 · Estimate
Net migration rateper 1,000UN WPP-1.5rank #150Data 2023 · Estimate
PopulationpeopleWorld Bank (WDI)19.02Mrank #67Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Population growth%World Bank (WDI)-0.17%rank #186Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Projected life expectancy in 2050 (medium)yearsUN WPP80.1rank #100Data 2050 · Projection / forecast
Projected population in 2050 (medium)thousandsUN WPP16,027.3rank #81Data 2050 · Projection / forecast
Total age dependency ratioper 100 working-ageUN WPP55.4rank #103Data 2023 · Estimate
Urban population%World Bank (WDI)52.2%rank #139Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Climate
CO₂ emissionstOur World in Data68.55Mrank #50Data 2024 · Status unspecified
CO₂ per capitatOur World in Data3.6rank #92Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Electricity access% popWorld Bank (WDI)100%rank #1Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Electricity from coal% generationEmber15.2%rank #29Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Electricity from hydro% generationEmber24.3%rank #30Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Electricity from solar% generationEmber9.8%rank #34Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Electricity from wind% generationEmber12%rank #25Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Electric power consumptionkWh per capitaWorld Bank (WDI)2,682.1rank #75Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Forest area% landWorld Bank (WDI)30.2%rank #112Data 2024 · Status unspecified
GHG emissions per capitatCO2e per capitaClimate Watch4.8rank #94Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Power-sector CO2 intensitygCO2/kWhEmber259.7rank #37Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Renewable electricity%Our World in Data47%rank #37Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Renewable energy share%World Bank (WDI)23.6%rank #87Data 2021 · Status unspecified
Total GHG emissions incl. LULUCFMtCO2eClimate Watch90.9rank #130Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Energy
Electricity access, rural% rural popWorld Bank (WDI)100%rank #1Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Electricity access, urban% urban popWorld Bank (WDI)100%rank #1Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Electricity from coal% of outputWorld Bank (WDI)13.3%rank #35Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Energy use per capitakg oil eq.World Bank (WDI)1,591.1rank #70Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Environment
Capture fisheries productiontonnesWorld Bank (WDI)5,758.1rank #149Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Freshwater withdrawals% internal resourcesWorld Bank (WDI)19.2%rank #117Data 2022 · Status unspecified
Terrestrial protected areas% land areaWorld Bank (WDI)24.6%rank #52Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Agriculture
Agricultural land% land areaWorld Bank (WDI)55.2%rank #51Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Aquaculture productiontonnesWorld Bank (WDI)10,058.1rank #85Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Cereal yieldkg per hectareWorld Bank (WDI)3,525.7rank #83Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Food production index2014-16 = 100World Bank (WDI)80.9rank #183Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Technology
Fixed telephone subscriptionsper 100 peopleWorld Bank (WDI)9.1rank #79Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Mobile subscriptionsper 100 peopleWorld Bank (WDI)119.8rank #78Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Secure internet serversper 1M peopleWorld Bank (WDI)27,229.6rank #42Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Society
Asylum seekerspeopleUNHCR7,877rank #114Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Extreme poverty% popWorld Bank (WDI)0.7%rank #8Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Female labor participation%World Bank (WDI)41.8%rank #143Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Fixed broadband subscriptionsper 100World Bank (WDI)35.8rank #34Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Gender Development IndexratioUNDP (HDRO)0.99rank #38Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Gender Inequality Index0-1UNDP (HDRO)0.23rank #54Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Gini indexindexWorld Bank (WDI)29.8rank #12Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Homicide rateper 100kWorld Bank (WDI)1.1rank #30Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Human Development Index0-1UNDP (HDRO)0.85rank #44Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Inequality-adjusted HDI0-1UNDP (HDRO)0.76rank #37Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Internet users% popWorld Bank (WDI)91.3%rank #46Data 2024 · Status unspecified
Life satisfaction0-10Our World in Data6.6rank #32Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Planetary pressures-adjusted HDI0-1UNDP (HDRO)0.74rank #29Data 2023 · Status unspecified
Poverty gap at $2.15/dayproportion (0-1)World Bank (PIP)0rank #56Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Poverty headcount at $2.15/dayproportion (0-1)World Bank (PIP)0rank #42Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Poverty headcount at $3.65/dayproportion (0-1)World Bank (PIP)0.01rank #50Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Poverty headcount at $6.85/dayproportion (0-1)World Bank (PIP)0.03rank #67Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Refugees hosted (by country of asylum)peopleUNHCR206,671rank #34Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Refugees originating (by country of origin)peopleUNHCR3,130rank #91Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Youth NEET rate%ILOSTAT17.2%rank #86Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Risk
Battle-related deaths (state-based)deaths/yearUCDP249rank #19Data 1989 · Status unspecified
Deaths in armed conflictsdeathsOur World in Data0rank #1Data 2025 · Status unspecified
Hazard & exposure0-10EC JRC (INFORM)2.6rank #20Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Human hazard & exposure0-10EC JRC (INFORM)1.7rank #18Data 2026 · Status unspecified
INFORM risk score0-10EC JRC (INFORM)2.7rank #17Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Lack of coping capacity0-10EC JRC (INFORM)2.7rank #17Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Lack of infrastructure coping capacity0-10EC JRC (INFORM)1.3rank #10Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Lack of institutional coping capacity0-10EC JRC (INFORM)3.9rank #22Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Natural hazard & exposure0-10EC JRC (INFORM)3.4rank #21Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Organized-violence deaths (total)deaths/yearUCDP448rank #29Data 1989 · Status unspecified
Socio-economic vulnerability0-10EC JRC (INFORM)1.4rank #15Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Vulnerability0-10EC JRC (INFORM)2.9rank #19Data 2026 · Status unspecified
Vulnerable groups0-10EC JRC (INFORM)4.1rank #34Data 2026 · Status unspecified